Witness Italy's Ancient Engineering Magic At The World's Tallest Man-Made Waterfall

Situated in the lush green forests of Italy's Umbria region, the stunning Cascata delle Marmore — or Marmore Falls — cascades through hills and trees, down over 541 feet into a string of fairy-like pools. The highest waterfall in Europe, it's a popular hiking and naturalist destination today, and it's no wonder given the area's stunning vistas and beautiful, lush forests. Ironically though, especially for nature lovers, Marmore Falls is not a natural waterfall but the product of human intervention, an engineering project built by the Romans over 2,200 years ago. Originally constructed as an ancient public water works initiative, these cascades actually have the distinction of being not just Europe's tallest waterfall, but the tallest man-made waterfall in the world.

Marmore Falls is a historic construction marvel, exhibiting the building prowess of the ancient Romans. Avid trekkers and park goers should not overlook this experience when looking for activities in Italy. Appreciating the history of the project's undertaking and admiring what the falls have become for outdoor enthusiasts is an invaluable experience. With a series of trails, ancient buildings to explore, and unique natural landscaping that formed from the landmark, seeing Marmore Falls for yourself is a can't-miss opportunity in Umbria.

Roman consul Manio Curio Dentato ordered the construction of Mamore Falls in 271 B.C. to alleviate flooding episodes from the Velino River system that affected several towns in the area. One town in particular, Sabina, was the unfortunate resting spot for the Velino River's stagnant wetland water, causing malaria outbreaks among residents. Dentato ordered the construction of a channel to guide water away from the Velino River, over Marmore cliff, and into the Nera River, below the rock face. 

While the Terni territory at the base of the cliff today was at the time the site of diverted flooding concerns — concerns that caused tensions between the two towns for centuries thereafter — Marmore Falls has been revered as an engineering marvel throughout history. For centuries, the tri-stepped falls mesmerized visitors, from scientist Galileo Galilei to artist William Turner. The rugged waterway was most famously immortalized by poet Lord Byron in his work "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage." The writer described Marmore Falls as "Charming the eye with dread, -a matchless cataract, Horribly beautiful!"

Today, Marmore Falls stands proudly as a testament to Roman ingenuity and technology, welcoming visitors to witness its powerful waves. While its energy has largely been captured and redirected into hydroelectric energy, decreasing its full power from when Byron or Galileo may have seen it, the waters still draw in visitors from around the globe. Originally built as an engineering solution, today Marmore Falls is still very much active in engineering power.

Many first time visitors choose to kick off their Italian vacation in Rome, and Marmore Falls is a rather manageable hour-and-a-half long drive from Italy's capital city. As a word of warning though: Remember to thoroughly prepare for driving in the republic and avoid making crucial transportation mistakes. That said, when you've thoroughly prepared for the small trek to the falls, you won't be disappointed. The Marmore Waterfall Park offers standard admission at €12.00,  with opportunities to sign-up for activities like cave visits for an additional fee. If arriving by car, there is a small fee to park, but previous visitors assure that there's plenty of space. 

There are six hiking trails around Marmore Falls that range in distance and difficulty level, and some have limited accessibility or mobility options. If you plan on climbing solo, brush up on your safety tips and always be prepared with proper footwear. Hiking at the falls, especially to the two viewpoints — Belvedere Superiore and Belvedere Inferiore — pays off with stunning views. At Belvedere Superiore, be sure to look out at the falls from La Specola, the remains of an observatory tower, or head to the Balcone delgi Innamorati (the balcony of lovers) for a vista point over the first of three drops in the water. Remember to wear a waterproof jacket — it can get quite misty and wet that close to a waterfall!

Marmore Falls is truly a wonder to see, however you choose to spend your time at the park. It's a great destination for couples, families, and solo travelers alike, and it's a unique experience outside of the usual touristy spots in Italy. With its fascinating history and record-breaking heights, it's sure to be a standout in your itinerary.